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    • 专利摘要:
    Methods and systems are presented for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives and the production of cement slurry with controlled fluid losses for cementing operations. Standardized pressure along the length of the wellbore can be first specified based on the properties of the proposed cement composition and properties of the wellbore in a subsurface formation. A fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement slurry can be calculated using a model associated with the resulting fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and fluid properties. The composition of the proposed cement slurry can be manipulated by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry based on a calculated fluid volume loss to prepare a preferred cement slurry. .
    公开号:FR3039853A1
    申请号:FR1656357
    申请日:2016-07-04
    公开日:2017-02-10
    发明作者:Elias D Rodrigues；Rafael M Oliveira；Flavio H Marchesini
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF LIQUID CEMENT LOSS CONTROL ADDITIVES FOR FIELD APPLICATIONS
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present disclosure generally relates to methods for producing cement suspensions and, more particularly, to methods for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives and the production of cement suspensions with controlled fluid losses. .
    CONTEXT
    Operations in subterranean formations (eg, stimulation operations, sand control operations, completion operations, etc.) often involve placement of a column of cement around a casing or train of lining in a wellbore. The cement column is formed by pumping a cement slurry down the well through the casing and upwardly through the annular space between the outer casing wall and the borehole formation face. After laying, the cement slurry develops into a gel and then hardens in the annulus, thus forming a cured cement column which inter alia supports and positions the casing in the wellbore and connects the outer surface of the wellbore. casing at the underground formation. Among other things, the column of cement avoids the contamination of soft areas by fluids produced from the interior of the wellbore. As used herein, the term "fluid" describes materials in the liquid phase or gas phase. The cement column can also prevent settling of unstable formations, thereby reducing the risk of casing sagging or blockage of a drill string. Finally, the cement column forms a solid barrier to prevent fluid loss from formation, contamination of production areas, or unwanted fluid invasion into the well. Thus, the degree of success of an underground formation operation depends, at least in part, on the successful cementation of the wellbore casing.
    Control of fluid losses to the formation is important during cementation and in other types of downhole operations, such as drilling and fracturing. If the loss of fluid occurs in an uncontrolled manner, several problems may occur. For example, a filtrate invasion from a cement column in the production areas can result in damage to the formation, which could reduce the production potential of a reservoir. During cementation, losses of fluid above a safety threshold may result in failure of the operation, which may require costly corrective cementing operations. In the worst case, fluid losses can lead to gas invasion and migration, which could lead to an explosion of the well.
    The procedures that are currently recommended for measuring fluid loss data use a filter screen to simulate the permeability of the formation. By fixing the permeability of the formation, successive tests of different suspension compositions, in the presence or absence of fluid loss control additives, make it possible to make a comparison between the cement suspensions. Therefore, compositions that minimize filtration losses under specific conditions simulated in the laboratory can be obtained. However, this comparison allows only a relative measure between different cement suspension compositions. For example, two cement suspensions A and B can be tested and it can be found, for example, that suspension A has a loss due to infiltration lower than suspension B. However, the loss in volume of this filtrate measured under laboratory conditions following the current recommended procedures can not be used as an entry into a mathematical model representing the physics of filtrate loss. Therefore, this laboratory measurement can not be used to predict the loss of filtrate observed in the field. Thus, it is desirable to measure the physical properties of the fluid of interest related to the filtration phenomenon.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Various embodiments of the present description will be better understood from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the description. In the illustrations, identical reference numerals may indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
    Fig. 1 is a system configured to transport cement suspensions containing fluid loss control additives to a well bottom location according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
    Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cement column, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
    Figure 3 is a mechanical analogue of a time-dependent rheological model of a fluid in a cement slurry, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
    Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives and the production of cement slurry with controlled fluid losses, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
    Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an illustrative computer system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives and the production of cement slurry with controlled fluid losses. Although the present description is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited thereto. Other embodiments are possible, and modifications may be made to the embodiments in the spirit and scope of the present teachings and additional areas in which the embodiments may be of significant utility.
    In the present detailed description, references to "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment" etc. indicate that the described embodiment may comprise a particular feature, structure, or property, but that each embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or property. In addition, such expressions do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when a particular property, structure, or feature is described in relation to an embodiment, it is understood that a domain specialist has the ability to assign such a particular property, structure, or feature in connection with a particular property. other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in many different embodiments of software, hardware, firmware and / or the features illustrated in the figures. Any actual software code with the special hardware command to implement the embodiments does not limit the detailed description. Thus, the operational behavior of the embodiments will be described with the understanding that modifications and variations of embodiments are possible, given the level of detail presented here.
    The foregoing disclosure may repeat numbers and / or letters of reference in the various examples. This repetition has a purpose of simplification and clarification and does not itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations presented. In addition, spatially-related terms, such as below, below, below, above, above, at the top of the well, at the bottom of the well, upstream, downstream, etc., may be used here to facilitate the description to describe the relationship of an element or feature to one or more elements or one or more features illustrated in the figures. The spatially-related terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus used or the operation in addition to the orientation illustrated in the figures. For example, if an apparatus in the figures is returned, elements that are described as "below" or "below" other elements or features will then be oriented "above" other elements or features. Thus, the example of the term "below" can encompass both a top and bottom orientation. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 ° or in any other orientation) and the spatially related descriptors used herein may similarly be interpreted accordingly.
    Illustrative embodiments and related methods of the present disclosure are hereinafter described with reference to Figs. 1-5 as they may be used for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives. Such embodiments and related methods can be practiced, for example, by a computer system as described herein. Other features and advantages of the described embodiments will be apparent or apparent to those skilled in the art after consideration of the following figures and detailed description. It is contemplated that these features and advantages are within the scope of the particular embodiments described. In addition, the illustrated figures are only examples and are not intended to imply or indicate any limitation with respect to the environment, architecture, design or methods in which various embodiments may be implemented.
    In some embodiments, the cement slurry may comprise a base fluid and a cementitious material. Any aqueous base fluid for use in an underground operation (eg, drilling or completion operations) may be used in the cement suspension described in some embodiments described herein. Base fluids suitable for use in the embodiments described herein may include, without limitation, fresh water, salt water (e.g., water in which one or more salts have been dissolved ), brine (eg, saturated salt water), seawater, and any combination thereof. In general, the base fluid can come from any source, provided, for example, that it does not contain an excess of compounds that may have an adverse effect on other components in the CBN-tolerant cement suspension. salt. In some embodiments, the base fluid may be added in an amount sufficient to form a pumpable suspension. In some embodiments, the base fluid in the cement slurry can be foamed. In some embodiments, the base fluid may be added in the cement composition in an amount of from about 40% to about 200% by weight ("w / w") of the dry cementitious material. In other embodiments, the base fluid may be added in an amount of about 30% to about 150% w / w of the dry cementitious material.
    The cementitious material may be any cementitious material suitable for use in underground operations. In preferred embodiments, the cementitious material is a hydraulic cement. Hydraulic cements harden by a process of hydration caused by chemical reactions to produce insoluble hydrates (eg, calcium hydroxide) that are present regardless of the water content of the cement (i.e., hydraulic cements can harden even under conditions of constant humidity). Thus, hydraulic cements are preferred because they can harden regardless of the water content of a given subterranean formation. Suitable hydraulic cements include, but are not limited to, Portland cement, Portland cement mixtures (eg, a blast furnace Portland cement cement and / or an expansive cement); non-Portland hydraulic cement (eg, super-sulfated cement, calcium aluminate cement and / or high magnesium cement); and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cementitious material is present in an amount of about 20 to about 70% w / w of the salt tolerant cement slurry.
    In some embodiments, the cement suspension may also comprise a pozzolanic material. Pozzolanic materials can help increase the density and strength of cementitious material. As used herein, the term "pozzolanic material" describes a siliceous material which, even if it is not cementitious, is capable of reacting with calcium hydroxide (which may be produced in the course of time). hydration of the cementitious material). Since calcium hydroxide is an appreciable part of most hydrated hydraulic cements, the combination of cementitious and pozzolanic material can synergistically improve the strength and quality of the cement. Any pozzolanic material that can react with the cementitious material can be used in the embodiments described herein. Suitable pozzolanic materials may include, but are not limited to, silica fume, metakaolin; fly ash; diatomaceous earth; calcined or non-calcined diatomite; calcined smectic clay; pozzolanic clays; calcined or non-calcined volcanic ash; ashes of bagasse; pumice stone; the pumicite; rice husk ash; natural and synthetic zeolites; slag; vitreous calcium aluminosilicate; and any combination thereof. An example of a suitable commercially available pozzolanic material is POZMIX®-A available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, TX. In some embodiments, the pozzolanic material may be present in an amount of about 60% w / w of dry cementitious material. In preferred embodiments, the pozzolanic material is present in an amount of about 30% w / w of dry cementitious material.
    In some embodiments, the cement slurry may also include any cement additive that may be used in an underground operation. Cement additives may be added to the cement slurry to modify the characteristics of the cured slurry or cement. Such additives include, without limitation, a cement accelerator; a retarder of the cement; an additive for fluid loss; a cement dispersing agent; a cement diluting agent; a weighting agent; a circulation loss additive; and any combination thereof. The cement additives may be in any form, including in the form of powder or liquid.
    The purpose of the present disclosure is to describe methods for selecting desirable properties of the cement slurry that reduce infiltration losses at preferred levels, while respecting safety conditions for each field operation. . The present invention discloses methods which utilize material properties of a cement suspension such as conductivity or suction characteristics which, coupled to a mathematical model, can define a critical fluid loss volume (infiltration), above which high losses of infiltration can appear in a field. Once the critical fluid loss value is identified, the methods presented here describe how to obtain cement suspensions with infiltration-related properties within safe limits. In particular, the methods disclosed in this disclosure utilize material properties of a cement slurry to describe the limitation of the fluid loss values necessary to avoid fluid invasion into the cement column and gas migration problems.
    Methods for estimating losses from infiltration of cement suspensions, particularly fluid loss control additives, are set forth in this disclosure. A general overview of the methods and description on how to calculate critical fluid loss values meeting safety criteria important for field applications is presented in the present disclosure. Experimental methods for selecting appropriate fluid loss control additives are also disclosed. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a mathematical model that takes into account the physical properties of a fluid within a cement slurry, which can be used to calculate critical fluid loss values.
    Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of a system that can transport the cement suspensions with the determined fluid loss control additives based on the methods described herein, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that although Figure 1 generally illustrates a terrestrial system, it should be recognized that similar systems can be used in underwater sites as well. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 1 can comprise a mixing tank 10, in which the cement suspension and the fluid loss control additives can be prepared. Again, in some embodiments, the mixing tank 10 may or may be replaced by a transport vehicle or shipping container configured to transport or otherwise route the cementing fluid to the well site. The cement slurry containing the fluid loss control additives may be transported by line 12 to a wellhead 14 at which the slurry enters the tube 16 (eg, tubing, drill string, production tube, a wound tube, etc.), the tube 16 extending from the wellhead 14 to the wellbore 22 which enters the underground formation 18. When ejected from the tube 16, the cement suspension containing the fluid loss control additives may ultimately return up the wellbore in the ring between the tube 16 and the wellbore 22, as indicated by the flow lines 24. In other embodiments, the cementing fluid may be reverse pumped down through the ring and up the tube 16 to return to the surface without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The pump 20 may be configured to increase the pressure of the cement slurry to a desired degree prior to introduction into the tube 16 (or ring). It should be recognized that the system 1 is only an example in nature, and that various other components may be present which have not necessarily been illustrated in Figure 1 for the sake of clarity. Additional non-limiting components that may be present include, but are not limited to, feed nozzles, valves, condensers, adapters, seals, gauges, sensors, compressors, manometers, pressure sensors , flow meters, flow sensors, temperature probes, etc.
    A skilled person, who benefits from disclosure, will recognize system changes described in Figure 1 to propose other cementing operations (eg, pressure operations, reverse cementation in which cement is introduced into the cementation system). ring between a tube and the wellbore and returns to the wellhead through the tube, etc.).
    It should also be recognized that the described cement slurry containing fluid loss control additives may also directly or indirectly affect the various downhole equipment and tools that may come into contact with the process fluids during operation. Such equipment and tools may include, but are not limited to, wellbore casing, wellbore liner, completion train, insert train, drill pipe, coiled casing, sleeveless cable, cable line, a drill pipe, rod masses, slurry motors, downhole motors and / or pumps, cement pumps, surface mounted motors and / or pumps, centralizers, turboliters, scrapers, floats (eg, hooves, collars, valves, etc.), wellbore projectiles (eg, scrapers, plugs, darts, balls, etc.); ), logging tools and related telemetry equipment, actuators (eg electromechanical devices, hydromechanical devices, etc.), sliding sleeves, production sleeves, plugs, screens, filters, flow control devices (eg control devices impulse, self-contained impulse control devices, output flow control devices, etc.), couplings (eg, electrohydraulic wet couplings, dry couplings, inductive couplings, etc.) .), monitoring lines (eg, electrical, fiber optic, hydraulic, etc.), drill bits and reamers, sensors or sensor array, downhole heat exchangers, valves and corresponding activation devices, tool seals, packers, cement plugs, support plugs, and other wellbore isolation devices, or components, etc. Any of these components may be part of the systems generally described above and described in FIG.
    A mathematical model is devised in the present disclosure to achieve a critical fluid loss velocity (or, equivalently, a loss of fluid volume) for practical applications. In one or more embodiments, this critical fluid loss rate (loss of fluid volume) can be defined in relation to a practical application in which a pressure of a cement column, P, is close to a pressure of an underground formation, P / 0m! a /, 0 ". This is a relevant definition since it is well accepted in the field that gas invasion problems can occur if P <P formation For some embodiments, the methods for evaluating losses (of fluid) due to to the infiltration of the cement suspensions described here are based on a dimensionless pressure, P *, defined as:
    O) and the critical fluid loss rate can be calculated by defining
    where ε is an additional safety factor that must be chosen in each application domain. By specifying a value for P'n, and applying the mathematical model described and presented in more detail below, it may be possible to calculate a maximum safety value for the fluid loss rate, i.e. ., the critical fluid loss value, vcrit, representing a critical velocity of a fluid (filtrate) that is transferred from a cement column to a subterranean formation. Fluid loss velocity values greater than vcrn would be susceptible to gas invasion, and fluid velocity values below vcril are within the safety range.
    For some embodiments, there are some other parameters of cement suspensions that could influence the risk of gas invasion into a cement column. In one or more embodiments, the parameters influencing the risks of gas invasion may include at least one of: rheological properties, shrinkage or compressibility of fluids and cement suspensions. The mathematical model presented here takes these parameters into account, and it calculates a crank (e.g., a critical fluid loss rate) for each set of these parameters. Different additive compositions for the cement suspensions can then be evaluated based on the calculated critical fluid loss rate, and the additive compositions characterized by lower fluid loss values can be recommended for cementing operations. The methods described in the present disclosure represent reliable and economical approaches for the selection of preferred fluid loss control additives for each cementing operation. In addition, the methods presented here make it possible to ensure that the cement column does not suffer from a fluid invasion from a subterranean formation.
    In one or more embodiments, once the critical fluid loss value is calculated for a given application (eg, a cementing operation), it is desirable to relate the critical fluid loss rate to the material properties associated with at least one of the fluids (filtrate), cement compositions or subterranean formations. In other words, it is desirable to find fluid loss control additives for cement suspensions that provide fluid loss rates equal to or less than the critical fluid loss value, viced. Traditionally, static and dynamic fluid loss tests can be used by using a filter screen to simulate the permeability of the formation. The present disclosure represents an alternative approach that does not depend on the filter screen.
    For some embodiments, the properties that influence fluid loss may include at least one of: sorptivity (S), disorptivity (R), or transfer sorptivity (A), which are functions of pressure , hydraulic conductivity and geometric parameters. The sorptivity (S) represents a measurable amount of a porous material derived from an unsaturated flow theory of soil physics, and describes the ability of the material to absorb water; Disorptivity (R) Provides information on how a material will desorb water; the transfer sorbtivity (A) relates to a transfer of water from one material to another, eg transfer of the filtrate from the cement slurry to the formation.
    In one or more embodiments, the previously described hardware characteristics (e.g., soprocity, desorption, transfer sorptivity) can be measured from experimental tests. Examples of experimental tests that can be used to measure sorptivity include direct gravimetric methods, methods based on penetration distance and methods based on measurement of moisture distribution. The measurements of desorptivity can be obtained from, for example, tests of capillary suction time (CST) and / or controlled permeability formwork (CPF) tests.
    For some embodiments, the observed rate of fluid loss (filtrate) from the cement slurry to the formation may be related to the transfer sorptivity (A) by:
    (2) where vf is the rate (rate) of fluid loss, A denotes the transfer sorptivity t represents a time elapsed from placement of a cement column around a casing string or liner in a well drilling. Once the critical fluid loss velocity, vlTII, is computed, this value can replace vf in equation (2) and can be related to the material properties (eg, transfer sorptivity). The transfer sorbtivity A can be related to sorptivity and desorptivity as described by:
    (3) in which R represents the suspension's deorptivity, and S denotes the sorptivity of the formation. By combining equations (2) and (3), the fluid loss phenomenon of the suspension can be written in the form:
    (4)
    Once the critical fluid loss velocity, calculated, is calculated, this value can replace vf in equation (4) and can be related to material properties, eg, the desensitization of the suspension and the sorptivity of the formation. Thus, by calculating the rate of fluid loss (rate), the critical values of the material properties (eg, sorptivity, desorption and transfer sorbtivity) can be obtained and used as a guideline for identifying control additives. loss of fluid for cement suspensions.
    The mathematical model applied to calculate fluid loss (eg, fluid loss velocity or fluid volume loss) along the cement column is derived here from the coupling mass and the dynamic equilibria with a time-dependent rheological model, in which compressibility and gel are also taken into account.
    For simplicity, the ring is described in the present disclosure as the 1-D model, and a diagram of an example of a cement column 200 is shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, z and r respectively represent the coordinates. axial and radial of the column of cement 200, Po is a pressure above the column of cement, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and pf and vf are the variables related to the loss of fluid and represent the density and the velocity (rate) of the filtrate. The diameters of the casing and the wellbore are taken as the internal diameter, dj, and the outer diameter, d0, respectively. The distance of the annular space is given by
    , and v: describes the descending speed, which is a function of time t and depth z.
    In one or more embodiments, the mass and dynamics balances can be written for the annulus 202 as illustrated in FIG. 2 as:
    (5)
    (6) where da is a diameter of the well, dl is the casing diameter, pf is the fluid loss density from the cement in the subterranean formation, vf is the rate (rate) of fluid loss from the cement in the subterranean formation, p is the density inside the cement, v, is the descending speed of the cement at the depth of the well z, P is the pressure inside the cement column at the level of the depth of the well z and the time t, r "is the normal stress of the liquid cement, is the average shear force of an annular element of the cement column, and gz is the gravitational acceleration at the depth of the well z. The compressibility of the fluid can be taken into account in the model by considering the hypothesis of the slightly compressible material. In this way, the density of the fluid can be described as a function of pressure and shrinkage, ie, p (P, Sh).
    A constitutive model is desirable to conclude the mathematical model for calculating fluid losses along the cement column. In one or more embodiments, the constitutive model can relate shear and normal stresses to the velocity field in equation (6). A time dependent rheological can be chosen for this purpose. This rheological model is based on Jeffrey's non-linear modified mechanical analogy and is based on two main equations, namely, a stress equation given in equation (7), and an equation of microstructure evolution. given by equation (12). The parameters needed to solve equations (7) and (12) are given by equations (8) - (11) and (13) - (15), respectively.
    Figure 3 illustrates a mechanical analogue 300 of the time-dependent rheological model. The mechanical analogue 300 comprises a structural elastic modulus 302, a structural viscosity function 304, a viscosity function 306 and a shear stress 308. The mechanical analog 300 can be used to describe the thixotropic, viscoelastic and fluid. The mechanical analogue 300 is described by two main equations: the stress equation (7) and the structure equation (12). In some embodiments, the fluid stress can be calculated according to equation (7):
    (7) wherein: τ is shear stress; τ is the speed of shear stress; λ is the fluid structure parameter; 0, (/ 1,) is the fluid relaxation time for a given structure level, λ; θ2 (λ) is a delay time of the fluid for a given structure level, λ; γ is the shear rate of the fluid; / is the derivative of the shear rate of the fluid; and ηχ is the viscosity of the fluid in an unstructured state (/ 1 = 0).
    The time-dependent rheological model of equation (7) can be solved by calculating the parameters of equations (8) - (11):
    (8)
    (9)
    (10)
    (H) wherein: ην {λ) is the purely viscous character of the viscosity of the fluid represented by η8 + ηχ; η8 is the function of the structural viscosity of the fluid; Gs (to) is the structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid; G0 is the structural elasticity modulus of the fully structured fluid; and A0 is the structure parameter of the fully structured fluid.
    In some embodiments, a fluid structure parameter is calculated to define how the fluids behave in a schematic model of the cement column 200 in Figure 2. In some embodiments, the structure parameter λ describes the state of the fluid. The evolution of the structure parameter λ can vary from 0 to 1, 0 corresponding to a completely unstructured state and one corresponding to a completely structured state. In some embodiments, equation (12) can be used to calculate the structure parameter λ:
    (12) in which: teq is the equilibrium time; a, b are dimensionless positive constants; άλ / dt is the time derivative of the structure parameter; and λ (j) is the equilibrium structure parameter of the fluid as a function of shear stress.
    In some embodiments, the evolution equation (12) can be solved by calculating the parameters of equations (13) and (14):
    (13)
    (14) in which: ηβ (] (r) is the equilibrium viscosity as a function of the shear stress of the fluid; Δeq (y) is the equilibrium structure parameter of the fluid as a function of the velocity of the fluid. shear, η0 is the viscosity of the fluid in a fully structured state (λ = 1), r0 is the stress of the static fluid limit, r0 (7 is the stress of the fluid dynamic limit, n is the index of the fluid power law, K is the coherence index, and η (y) is the equilibrium viscosity of the fluid as a function of the shear rate.
    The shear rate required to calculate the equations of mass and dynamic equilibrium can be estimated using equation (15):
    (15)
    In some embodiments, the model inputs presented herein may include well dimensions, density, and formation pressure corrected by the safety factor described in equation (1). In addition, the fluid properties, such as the rheological properties and the compressibility of the cement slurry are necessary. The rheological properties of the fluids required for the model can be obtained at steady state and transient tests in a rheometer, while density and compressibility can be obtained with standard tests in the petroleum industry. In one or more embodiments, the model presented here can be solved by the finite element method, a finite difference method, a finite volume method is a spectral method, or other discretization models.
    The term "method" and intentionally used in this disclosure to encompass any methods that benefit from the teachings given here. Examples of variations of the aforementioned description include, but are not limited to: (i) 2D or 3D versions of the mathematical model; (ii) the use of other rheological models, including other methods that capture elasto-viscoplastic time-dependent behavior of cement suspensions; (iii) different expressions for estimating the characteristic shear rate, ÿ, eg, equation (15) multiplied by a different factor, (iv) different values for a dimensionless pressure. The methods described in the present disclosure may also be applied to wells of different geometries, eg, a horizontal or directional well. The teachings of this disclosure may also be used with fluid loss expressions different from those illustrated herein as long as a comparison with what is happening in the field is achieved. The description of this disclosure focuses on cementation applications, but the teachings presented here are equally applicable to drilling and fracturing fluid, and water-based and oil-based fluid.
    A description of an illustrative method of the present disclosure will now be presented with reference to Figure 4, is a flowchart 400 of a method for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives and the production of cement slurry with controlled fluid losses for cementing operations, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process begins at 402 by providing a proposed cement slurry composition for use in a wellbore in an underground formation having a wellbore length. At 404, normalized pressure along the length of the wellbore can be specified based on the properties of the proposed cement composition and properties of the wellbore in the subterranean formation. At 406, a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement slurry can be calculated using a model associated with the resulting fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and the properties of the slurry. fluid. At 408, the composition of the proposed cement slurry can be manipulated by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry based on a calculated fluid volume loss to prepare a slurry. of preferred cement. At 410, the preferred cement slurry can be introduced into the wellbore. At 412, the preferred cement slurry can be cemented into the wellbore.
    Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an illustrative computer system 500 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented and adapted to evaluate fluid loss control additives and to produce cement suspensions with fluid losses. controlled for cementing and other practical applications. For example, the operations of method 400 of FIG. 4, as previously described, can be implemented using computer system 500. Computer system 500 can be a computer, a telephone, a PDA (PDA) ) or any other type of electronic device. This electronic apparatus contains various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. As shown in FIG. 5, the computer system 500 contains a permanent recording device 502, a system memory 504, an interface of the output device 506, a system telecommunications bus 508, a read only memory (ROM) 510, one or more processing units 512, an interface of the input device 514 and a network interface 516.
    The bus 508 collectively represents all of the system, peripheral and chipset buses that connect for telecommunication the many internal devices of the computer system 500. For example, the bus 508 communicatively connects the one or more processing units 512 to the ROM. 510, to the memory of the system 504 and to the permanent recording device 502. From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 512 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the methods of the subject of the disclosure. The processing unit (s) may or may be a single processor or a multicore processor in different implementations.
    The ROM 510 stores static data and instructions required by the processing unit (s) 512 and the other modules of the computer system 500. The permanent storage device 502 is otherwise a read-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that records instructions and data even when the computer system 500 is stopped. Some implementations of the subject of the description use an auxiliary recording device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as a permanent recording device 502. Other implementations using a removable recording device (such as a floppy disk, a flash disk, and its corresponding disk drive) as a permanent recording device 502. Like the permanent recording device 502, the system memory 504 is a read-write memory device. However, unlike the recording device 502, the system memory 504 is a read-write memory, such as a random access memory. The system memory 504 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs during its operation. In some implementations, the processes of the present description are stored in the system memory 504, in the permanent storage device 502 and / or in the ROM 510. For example, the various memory units include instructions for a particular system. Stem train design based on existing designs of trains compliant with certain implementations. According to these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 512 retrieve instructions to execute and data to be processed to execute the processes of certain implementations.
    The bus 508 also connects to the input and output device interfaces 514 and 506. The interface of the input device 514 allows the user to communicate information and select commands for the computer system 500. Input devices used with the interface of the input device 514 include, for example, alphanumeric, QWERTY or T9 keyboards, microphones and pointing devices (also referred to as "slider control devices"). The output device interfaces 506 for example allow the display of images produced by the computer system 500. The output devices used with the output device interface 506 include, for example, printers and display devices, such as CRT or LCD screens. Some implementations include devices such as a touch screen that functions as an input and output device. It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using a computer comprising any of a variety of types of input and output devices to enable interaction with a user. Such interaction may include returning to or from the user in different forms of sensory feedback including, but not limited to, visual feedback, sound feedback, or tactile feedback. In addition, the input from the user can be received in any form including, without limitation, the acoustic input, in the form of speech or touch. In addition, the interaction with the user may include the transmission and reception of different types of information, for example in the form of documents intended for and from the user via the interfaces described herein. -above.
    Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, the bus 508 also couples the computer system 500 to a public or private network (not shown) or to a combination of networks via a network interface 516. This network can example include a local area network ("LAN") such as an Intranet, or a wide area network ("WAN") such as the Internet. Any component or all components of the computer system 500 may be used in connection with the present description.
    These functions described above can be implemented in a digital electronic circuit, in software, firmware or computer hardware. The techniques can be implemented using at least one product type computer program. Processors and programmable computers may be included or packaged as mobile devices. Processes and logical flows can be realized by at least one programmable processor and at least one programmable logic circuit. General purpose and special purpose computing devices and recording devices may be interconnected by telecommunication networks.
    These implementations include electronic components such as microprocessors, a memory that stores computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (otherwise known as a computer-readable recording medium, medium readable by machine or machine-readable recording medium). Examples of computer-readable media include RAMs, ROMs, ROMs (CD-ROMs), CD-Rs, rewritable compact discs (CD-ROMs), CD-RW), digital versatile read-only discs (eg DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROMs), a number of recordable / rewritable DVDs (eg DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD + RW , etc.), Flash memory (eg SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic and / or solid-state hard drives, Blu-Ray® ROMs and writable, ultra-density optical discs and other optical or magnetic media and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may contain a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for carrying out various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code comprising machine code, such as that produced by a compiler, and files containing a higher level code that is executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter .
    While the foregoing discussion is primarily a microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, certain implementations are realized by at least one integrated circuit, such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In some implementations, these integrated circuits execute instructions that are recorded on the circuit itself. Consequently, the operations of the method 400 of FIG. 4, as previously described, can be implemented by means of the computer system 500 or by any computer system comprising a processing circuit or a computer program product containing instructions which are recorded there which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the processor to perform functions inherent to these methods.
    In the context of this description and according to any claim of this application, the terms "computer", "server", "processor" and "memory" all correspond to other electronic or technological devices. In this context, the terms "computer-readable medium" and "computer-readable media" are broadly tangible, physical, and non-transitory electronic recording media that record information in a form that is readable by a computer.
    Embodiments of the present object described in this description may be implemented in a computer system which contains a finalizing component, e.g. a data server, or that contains a middleware component, e.g. an application server, or that contains a front-end component, e.g. a client computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the present object described in this description, or any combination of at least one finalization, middleware or front end component. The system components may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g. a telecommunication network. Examples of telecommunication networks include a local area network ("LAN") and a wide area network ("WAN"), an inter-network (eg, the Internet), and peer networks (e.g. ad hoc peer-to-peer networks).
    The computer system can include clients and servers. A client and a server are generally mutually distant and generally communicate over a telecommunication network. The client and server relationship can be done by computer programs implemented on the respective computers and which have a client / server relationship to each other. In some embodiments, a server transmits data (eg, a web page) to a client device (eg to display data to the user and to receive user input from a user). user interacting with the client device). The data generated at the client device level (eg a result of the user interaction) can be received from the client device at the server level.
    It will be noted that any specific order or hierarchy of operations in the processes described is an illustration of exemplary steps. Depending on the design preferences, it will be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of operations in the processes may be rearranged, or that all illustrated operations are performed. Some of the operations can be performed simultaneously. In certain circumstances, for example, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, then the separation of various components of the system in the embodiments described above, should not be interpreted as requiring this separation in all embodiments, and it will be understood that the program components and systems described can generally be integrated together into one software product or packaged into multiple software products.
    Further, the illustrative methods described herein may be implemented by a system containing a processing circuit or a computer program product containing instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the processor to perform the any of the methods described herein.
    A method for evaluating the performance of fluid loss control additives for practical applications has been described in the present disclosure and may generally include: the use of a proposed cement suspension composition for use in a wellbore in an underground formation having a length of a wellbore; the accuracy of a standardized pressure along the length of the wellbore based on the properties of the composition of the proposed cement suspension and the properties of the wellbore in the subterranean formation; calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and the properties of the fluid; manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the proposed cement slurry composition based on a calculated fluid volume loss to prepare a preferred cement slurry ; and cementing the preferred cement slurry into the wellbore. In addition, there has been described a computer-readable recording medium comprising instmctions recorded therein, which instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a plurality of functions, including the following functions: specify a normalized pressure along a length of a wellbore based on the properties of a composition of the proposed cement slurry and properties of the wellbore in an underground formation; calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement slurry using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and the properties of the fluid; and manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the proposed cement slurry formulation based on a calculated volume loss of fluid to prepare the cement slurry preferred. "
    For the foregoing embodiments, the method or functions may include any of the following operations, alone or in combination: the manipulation of the composition of the proposed cement slurry comprises the determination, based on the loss calculated fluid volume, on one or more values associated with one or more properties of the composition of the proposed cement slurry and subterranean formation that influence a loss of fluid from a column of cement from the wellbore to underground formation, and the addition of one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry to modify one or more properties within the limits that depend on one or more specific values; calculating the loss of fluid volume comprises calculating at least one fluid velocity or fluid density; calculation of the fluid loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using the model includes the resolution of the model based on the analytical methods, using either the complete model, the modifications of the equations representing the model or simplifications of the equations ; calculating the fluid volume loss of the proposed cement suspension formation using the model comprising the model resolution based on a discretization model. One or more properties include at least one of: the sorptivity of the subterranean formation, the desorptivity of the composition of the proposed cement suspension, or the transfer sorbtivity related to the transfer of the fluid from the composition of the the proposed cement slurry to the underground formation; the composition of the proposed cement slurry comprises the fluid and a cementitious material; the composition of the proposed cement slurry is manipulated to prepare the preferred cement slurry having a lower fluid loss than the volume loss calculated by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition the proposed cement slurry; the composition of the proposed cement suspension comprises at least one: a pozzolanic material, a cement accelerator; a retarder of the cement; an additive for fluid loss; a cement dispersing agent; a cement diluting agent; the model is derived by coupling a mass equilibrium and a dynamic equilibrium for a wellbore cement column with a time-dependent rheology model of the fluid; the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least one of: a fluid relaxation time, a fluid delay time; the viscosity of the fluid in an unstructured state, the viscosity of the fluid in a structured state, the structural viscosity of the fluid, the equilibrium viscosity of the fluid, the fluid shear stress, the stress of the static limit of the fluid, the stress of the dynamic limit of the fluid, the shear rate of the fluid, the shear rate which marks the transition in the stress of a stress from the static limit to a stress of the dynamic limit, the structural parameter fluid, structural parameters of the fluid in a structured and unstructured state, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid in a fully structured state, dimensionless positive constants, index of the law power or a time of equilibrium; the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least an elasticity, a viscoplasticity, a structural development of the fluid, or changes in the mechanical behavior of the fluid; the model inputs include at least one: the normalized pressure that includes a safety factor, borehole dimensions, a proposed composition density of the cement slurry, the rheological properties of the fluid, or a compressibility of the the composition of the proposed cement slurry; the discretization process comprises at least one of a finite element method, a finite difference method, a finite volume method or a spectral method.
    Similarly, a system for evaluating the performance of liquid cement loss control additives for practical applications has been described and includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor where instructions are located, which when they are executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform functions, including the following functions: specify a normalized pressure along a length of a wellbore based on the properties of a composition of the suspension proposed cement and wellbore properties in an underground formation; calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement slurry using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and the properties of the fluid; and manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the proposed cement slurry formulation based on a calculated volume loss of fluid to prepare the cement slurry preferred.
    In this context, the term "determinant" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determinant" may include calculating, processing, deriving, searching, consulting (eg consulting a table, database or other data structure), verifying and the like. But also, the term "determinant" may include receiving (eg, receiving information), accessing (eg, accessing data in a memory), etc. But also, the term "determinant" can include solving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.
    In this context, an expression referring to "at least one" of a list of elements refers to any combination of these elements, including unique members. As an example, the term "at least one of: a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
    The methods described in this disclosure accurately predict fluid volume losses (fluid loss rates) in practical applications and relate the infiltration properties to the material properties. The methods described herein help one of skill in the art to find optimized physical properties of suspensions to satisfy important conditions simultaneously: to prevent fluid invasion and to be cost effective for practical applications. The methods described herein evaluate filtration rate (fluid loss rate) and efficiency based on stress limit requirements and infiltration-related properties, such as desorptivity and sorptivity. These methods are based on physical principles, considering, in the risk assessment, the main reported causes of fluid invasion, including fluid loss, compressibility and rheological changes. The methods described in this disclosure use transient rheological models and consider at least one of the elasticity, viscoplasticity, structural development, or possible changes in the mechanical behavior of the fluids involved. Due to the few assumptions considered in the mathematical model, the predictive power of the method presented here is considerably improved compared to the existing model. Based on the methods presented here, the inputs to the model and the formation pressure, the critical infiltration rate can be predicted. The methods described herein may also allow the preparation of fluid loss control additives optimized for practical applications, by calculating properties related to the necessary infiltration of cement suspensions.
    Specific details relating to the foregoing embodiments have been described, the hardware and software descriptions are intended merely for exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the structure or implementation of the embodiments described herein. . For example, although many other internal components of the computer system 500 are not illustrated, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such components and their interconnection are well known.
    In addition, certain aspects of the described embodiments, as outlined above, may be implemented as software which is executed using at least one processing unit / component. Some aspects of the technology program may be thought of as "products" or "articles of manufacture" typically in the form of executable code and / or associated data that is executed or implemented in a certain type of media readable by a machine. Non-transient, recording-type tangible media include any memory or memories or other recording for computers, processors, or the like, or their associated modules, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disc players or optical or magnetic discs, and the like, capable of providing recording at any time for software programming.
    In addition, the flowchart and block diagram of the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. It will also be noted that in other implementations, the functions noted in the block may take place out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two successively occurring blocks may, in fact, be substantially concurrently executed, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. Note also that each block of the block diagrams and / or the flowchart illustration and the block combinations in the block diagrams and / or in the flow chart illustration can be implemented by special systems based on on hardware that performs the specified functions or actions, or combinations of special hardware and computer instructions.
    The embodiments of the above specific example are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The exemplary embodiments may be modified by inclusion, exclusion or combination of at least one feature or function described in the description.
    权利要求:
    Claims (28)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    CLAIMS What is claimed:
    A method comprising: using a proposed cement suspension composition for use in a wellbore in an underground formation having a wellbore length; the accuracy of a standard pressure along the length of the wellbore based on the properties of the proposed cement composition and the properties of the wellbore in the subterranean formation. calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement slurry using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and the properties of the fluid; manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry based on a calculated fluid volume loss to prepare a preferred cement slurry ; introducing the preferred cement suspension into the wellbore; and cementing the preferred cement slurry into the wellbore.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the manipulation of the composition of the proposed cement slurry comprises: determining, based on the calculated fluid volume loss, one or more values associated with one or more properties of the proposed cement slurry composition and subsurface formation that influence fluid loss from a subsurface wellbore cement column; and adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry to modify one or more properties within the bounds that depend on one or more properties. the several determined values.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more characteristics comprise at least one of: the sorptivity of the subterranean formation, the deorptivity of the composition of the proposed cement suspension, or the sorptivity of the transfer related to the transfer of the fluid from the composition of the proposed cement slurry to the subterranean formation.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the volume loss comprises calculating at least one of a fluid velocity or fluid density.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the composition of the proposed cement slurry comprises the fluid and a cementitious material.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the composition of the proposed cement slurry is manipulated to prepare the preferred cement slurry having a lower fluid loss than the volume loss calculated by adding one or more control additives. from the loss of fluid to the composition of the proposed cement slurry.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the proposed cement slurry comprises at least one of pozzolanic material, a cement accelerator, a cement retarder, an additive of fluid, a cement dispersing agent, a cement diluting agent, a weighting agent, a circulation loss additive.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the model is derived by coupling a mass equilibrium and a dynamic equilibrium for a wellbore cement column with a time-dependent rheology model of the fluid.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    The method of claim 8, wherein the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least one of: a fluid relaxation time, a fluid delay time; the viscosity of the fluid in an unstructured state, the viscosity of the fluid in a structured state, the structural viscosity of the fluid, the equilibrium viscosity of the fluid, the fluid shear stress, the stress of the static limit of the fluid, the stress of the dynamic limit of the fluid, the shear rate of the fluid, the shear rate which marks the transition in the stress of a stress from the static limit to a stress of the dynamic limit, the structural parameter fluid, structural parameters of the fluid in a structured and unstructured state, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid in a fully structured state, dimensionless positive constants, index of the law of power or a time of equilibrium.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The method of claim 8, wherein the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least one of elasticity, viscoplasticity, structural fluid development, or changes in the mechanical behavior of the fluid. .
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs of the model comprise at least one of: standard pressure which comprises a safety factor, borehole dimensions, a density of the composition of the suspension of the proposed cement, the rheological properties of the fluid, or a compressibility of the composition of the proposed cement suspension.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using the model comprises solving the model based on analytical methods, using either the model in its entirety, modifications of the equations representing the model or simplifications of the equations.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using the model comprises solving the model based on a discretization method.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The method of claim 13, wherein the discretization process comprises at least one of a finite element method, a finite difference method, a finite volume method or a spectral method. .
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    A system for evaluating the performance of fluid loss control additives, the system comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the processor having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform functions, including the functions: the accuracy of a normalized pressure along a length of a wellbore based on the properties of a proposed cement composition and properties of the wellbore in the subterranean formation; calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and properties of the fluid; and manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry based on a calculated volume loss of the fluid to prepare a cement slurry preferred.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    The system of claim 15, wherein the functions for manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry made by the processor include functions for: determining, based on the calculated fluid volume loss, one or more a plurality of values associated with one or more properties of the composition of the proposed cement slurry and subterranean formation that influence fluid loss from a subsurface wellbore cement column; and adding the one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry to modify one or more properties within the boundaries that depend on one or more determined values.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    The system of claim 16, wherein the one or more features comprise at least one of: sorptivity of the subterranean formation, deorptivity of the composition of the proposed cement suspension, or transfer sorptivity. related to the transfer of the fluid from the composition of the proposed cement slurry to the subterranean formation.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    The method of claim 15, wherein the functions for calculating the loss of fluid volume performed by the processor include functions for calculating at least one of a fluid velocity or fluid density.
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    The method of claim 15, wherein the composition of the proposed cement slurry is manipulated to prepare the preferred cement slurry having a lower fluid loss than the calculated volume loss by adding one or more control additives. from the loss of fluid to the composition of the proposed cement slurry.
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    The system of claim 15, wherein the model is derived by coupling a mass equilibrium and a dynamic equilibrium for a wellbore cement column with a time-dependent rheology model of the fluid.
    [21" id="c-fr-0021]
    The system of claim 20, wherein the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least one of: a fluid relaxation time, a fluid delay time; the viscosity of the fluid in an unstructured state, the viscosity of the fluid in a structured state, the structural viscosity of the fluid, the equilibrium viscosity of the fluid, the fluid shear stress, the stress of the static limit of the fluid, the stress of the dynamic limit of the fluid, the shear rate of the fluid, the shear rate which marks the transition in the stress of a stress from the static limit to a stress of the dynamic limit, the structural parameter fluid, structural parameters of the fluid in a structured and unstructured state, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid, structural modulus of elasticity of the fluid in a fully structured state, dimensionless positive constants, index of the law of power or a time of equilibrium.
    [22" id="c-fr-0022]
    The system of claim 20, wherein the time-dependent rheology model comprises at least one of elasticity, viscoplasticity, structural fluid development, or changes in the mechanical behavior of the fluid. .
    [23" id="c-fr-0023]
    The system of claim 15, wherein the model inputs comprise at least one of: normalized pressure that includes a safety factor, borehole dimensions, a density of the composition of the suspension of the proposed cement, the rheological properties of the fluid, or a compressibility of the composition of the proposed cement suspension.
    [24" id="c-fr-0024]
    The system of claim 15, wherein the functions for calculating the fluid volume loss of the proposed cement slurry composition using the model made by the processor include the functions for the process-based model resolution. analytical, using either the model in its entirety, modifications of the equations representing the model or simplifications of the equations.
    [25" id="c-fr-0025]
    The system of claim 15, wherein the functions for calculating the fluid volume loss of the proposed cement slurry composition using the processor model include functions for model resolution based on a method of discretization.
    [26" id="c-fr-0026]
    The system of claim 25, wherein the discretization process comprises at least one of a finite element method, a finite difference method, a finite volume method or a spectral method. .
    [27" id="c-fr-0027]
    27. A computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions recorded therein which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform a plurality of functions, including the following functions: the accuracy of a normalized pressure; along a length of a wellbore based on the properties of a proposed cement composition and properties of the wellbore in the subterranean formation; calculating a fluid volume loss of the composition of the proposed cement suspension using a model associated with the obtained fluid based at least in part on the normalized pressure and properties of the fluid; and manipulating the composition of the proposed cement slurry by adding one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry based on a calculated volume loss of the fluid to prepare a cement slurry preferred.
    [28" id="c-fr-0028]
    The computer readable recording medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions further provide functions for determining, based on the calculated fluid volume loss, one or more values associated with one or more several properties of the composition of the proposed cement slurry that influence a loss of fluid from a subsurface wellbore cement column; and adding the one or more fluid loss control additives to the composition of the proposed cement slurry to modify one or more properties within the one or more dependent limits. determined values.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2990599C|2019-01-08|
    MX2018001064A|2018-05-17|
    US20180201824A1|2018-07-19|
    CA2990599A1|2017-02-09|
    GB2555546A|2018-05-02|
    GB201721778D0|2018-02-07|
    GB2555546B|2019-01-09|
    WO2017023319A1|2017-02-09|
    AU2015404555A1|2018-01-25|
    NO20172044A1|2017-12-22|
    US10647905B2|2020-05-12|
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    法律状态:
    2017-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-07-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-07-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-02-28| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20200228 |
    2021-03-26| RX| Complete rejection|Effective date: 20210217 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/US2015/043870|WO2017023319A1|2015-08-05|2015-08-05|Methods for evaluating performance of cement fluid-loss-control additives for field applications|
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